Learning to Read ... Reading to Learn
    April 1998
Inside this issue
  • Internet Connections
  • NYS Elementary Literacy Profile
Internet Connections
EARTH DAY'98 Celebrate the Earth with your students. Read this newsletter online to find links to sites with classroom activities and projects.
Go to http://www.cs.oswego.edu/~borgert , my homepage, and click on Newsletters to access the index.

The New York State Elementary Literacy Profile is currently in its third year of development. A revision may soon be released. The purpose of the profile is to provide information about students' progress in various aspects of literacy development- reading, writing, speaking,and listening. The assessment is organized around four purposes for language use as outlined in the New York State Learning Standards for the English Language Arts: 1)information and understanding, 2)literary response and expression, 3)critical analysis and evaluation, and 4)social interaction. Although this is designated as an elementary assessment, the profile may also be useful for assessing older students progressing through the development of literacy skills and strategies.

Below you will find the draft versions of the three scales to be used in the literacy profile assessment process: Reading Scale, Writing Scale, and Listening and Speaking Scale. The descriptors may be useful as you make decisions about your classroom practices.

Development of Students' Literacy Skills and Strategies
Reading Scale
TYPE OF TEXT INDEPENDENCE STRATEGIES COMPREHENSION
Early Emergent Reader
  • Recognizes own name in print
  • Beginning to notice environmental print
  • Interacts with printed material
  • Listens to stories or texts related to interests
  • Dependent on others to decipher print
  • Displays curiosity about print
  • Displays an awareness of some conventions of reading, such as front/back of books, distinctions between print and pictures
  • Looks at pictures while reading
  • Uses pictures to gain understanding
  • Can talk about the pictures
  • Reacts to printed material
Advanced Emergent Reader
  • Interacts with a range of printed materials and environmental print
  • Listens to a range of stories or texts with sustained interest
  • Goes to books independently
  • Recognizes and revisits familiar and favorite books
  • Engages in "pretend" reading and writing, using reading-like language and behaviors that approximate book language (once upon a time, the end, etc.)
  • Draws upon predictable language patterns (from songs, rhymes, patterned language books) to anticipate or recall the story being "read"
  • Uses picture clues and recall of story line
  • Knows that print carries a message
  • Demonstrates understanding of the story being read by commments, reactions, discussions, and/or drawings
Early Beginning Reader
  • Reads words from the environment
  • Reads own writing
  • Reads books with simple repetitive language patterns and picture cues
  • Chooses a variety of texts for a variety of purposes-practicing skills, enjoyment, or information
  • Practices own reading strategies (e.g., rereading familiar texts, reviewing favorites, looking through unfamiliar texts for information)
  • Demonstrates interest in figuring out print
  • Starts to draw on major cueing systems--identifying words through use of letter-sound patterns, sense of story or syntax
  • Indicates sense of one-to-one correspondence
  • Indicates understanding of the concept of word
  • Evidence of initial awareness of beginning and ending sounds
  • Small stable sight-word vocabulary is established
  • Reads from "memory"
  • Looks to print to find the meaning of a text
  • Predicts actively, using aspects of text such as story line, rhythm, and/or rhyme
  • Retells a story
Advanced Beginning Reader
  • Reads simple, brief texts where illustrations play an important part, i.e., easy readers and easy picture books
  • Reading requires considerable effort and support, especially with new material
  • Begins to read independently for short periods
  • Developing confidence as a reader
  • Draws on major cueing systems frequently- identifying words through use of letter-sound patterns, sense of story or syntax
  • Demonstrates awareness of letter patterns and print conventions such as capitalization and punctuation
  • Starts to self-correct when reading
  • Stable sight vocabulary is established
  • Retells story with attention to details and sequencing of events
Early Independent Reader
  • Reads easy unfamiliar texts comfortably-short chapter books and content area texts
  • Reads texts that consist primarily of print, where illustrations play only a small part
  • Beginning to use tables of contents, indexes, and dictionaries
  • Handles familiar material on own but still needs support with unfamiliar material
  • Demonstrates confidence as a reader
  • Independently uses major cueing systems-identifying unknown words with a combination of letter-sound relationships, word structure, story line, syntax, pictures and context cues, sight words
  • Strategies of rereading and self-correcting are becoming established
  • Substantial, stable sight vocabulary is established
  • Can identify setting, characters, and problem/resolution of a story
  • Can discuss overall meaning of text
Advanced Independent Reader
  • Selects and reads medium level chapter books, content area, poetry
  • Uses reference materials such as dictionaries, tables of contents, and indexes independently
  • Beginning to use other reference materials and classification systems such as dictionaries, telephone directories, and card catalogs
  • Tackles unfamiliar texts
  • Selects and reads materials independently
  • Has confidence and stamina as a reader
  • Uses a range of strategies including making predictions and using inferences to guide reading
  • Monitors and self-corrects for meaning
  • Can read with expression
  • When discussing text can provide a coherent synthesis of the meaning, using details from the text
  • Analysis and interpretation skills are developing
Experienced Reader
  • Reads challenging children's literature including novels, poetry, and reference materials
  • Uses reference materials and classification systems (e.g., dictionaries, and card catalogs) independently
  • Reads independently and confidently for a variety of purposes
  • Challenges self to read a variety of demanding texts
  • Uses multiple reading strategies appropriately and successfully
  • When discussing a text can throroughly describe the meaning of the text using details to elaborate
  • Developing an appreciation of nuances and subtleties in text
  • Analysis and interpretation skills are established
  • Has awareness of the literary aspects of text
Very Experienced Reader
  • Reads complex children's literature
  • Uses a wide range of reference materials independently and confidently
  • Actively seeks out challenging material for learning, interest and/or pleasure
  • Uses multiple reading strategies appropriately, successfully, and flexibly with many different kinds of texts
  • Reads thoughtfully and appreciates shades of meaning
  • Can interpret, analyze, and infer from texts
  • Has strong awareness of literary aspects of text
  • Can evaluate and apply information in texts
Top of Page
Writing Scale
IDEA DEVELOPMENT LANGUAGE USE ORGANIZATION CONVENTIONS
Early Emergent Writer
  • Describes own writing from picture/print
  • Relies primarily on pictures to convey meaning
  • (No descriptors identified.)
  • Makes marks and random letters to represent words
Advanced Emergent Writer
  • Tells story about own writing--pictures/print
  • Uses words and pictures to convey meaning (i.e., may label a picture)
  • Begins to use left to right and top to bottom orientation
  • Reproduces words from signs and other sources in environment
  • May represent a whole word with one or a few letters
  • Uses sound- symbol linkages, relying heavily on most obvious sounds of a word (i.e., beginning consonants)
Early Beginning Writer
  • Topic/theme is developing
  • Names and "favorite" words are repeated
  • Words are put together in sentence format
  • Uses sentence patterns and ideas as seen in other texts
  • Left to right and top to bottom orientation are evident
  • Legible writing with recognizable words
  • Uses mix of capital and lower case letters
  • Spacing between words is evident
  • Spells words phonetically
Advanced Beginning Writer
  • Topic/theme is evident
  • Uses simple, repetitive sentences and vocabulary
  • Some evidence of structuring sentences
  • Has a theme although information may not be in logical or sequential order
  • Legible writing with recognizable sentences
  • Mix between conventional and phonetic spelling
  • Punctuation, capitalization and upper/lower case letters are in use sometimes
Early Independent Writer
  • Storyline/elements (i.e., setting, and/or character, and plot) are developing
  • Vocabulary includes some descriptive words and/or detail
  • Begins to vary sentence patterns
  • Writing has evidence of a beginning, middle and end
  • Punctuation, capitalization and upper/lower case letters are used conventionally most of the time
  • Conventional spelling is used most of the time
Advanced Independent Writer
  • Storyline/elements (i.e., setting and/or character and/or plot) are evident
  • Begins to use description and details to support plot/idea /theme
  • Uses varied sentence patterns
  • Ideas are presented in a clear order and logical sequence
  • Writing is easy to understand and follow
  • Control of simple conventions such as punctuation, capitalization,spelling,and upper/lower case letters is predominant
Experienced Writer
  • Ideas connect to give a sense of character, context and/or a point of view
  • Ideas are developed with supporting details
  • Uses varied language and sentence patterns and vocabulary
  • Writes to an appropriate audience
  • Ideas are presented in a clear and logical sequence
  • Writing is easy to understand and follow
  • Paragraphs organize ideas
  • Simple conventions are generally under control
  • Begins to use more complex conventions such as complicated structure and grammar
Very Experienced Writer
  • Builds engaging plot around a situation, conflict or problem
  • Sets a context, creates a point of view, or develops suspense
  • Shows characters that think/feel
  • Presents ideas fully/clearly
  • Effective use of strategies such as dialogue, description or suspense
  • Develops and elaborates ideas using many supportive details
  • Leaves out details that are not relevant
  • Lively, yet descriptive language
  • Engages reader, has a sense of audience and an expressive individual voice
  • Writing has a distinctive organizing shape, structure and focus that makes sense
  • Ideas are presented in a clear order and logical sequence with transitions made through use of paragraphing, introduction and/or conclusion
  • Work is cohesive
  • Simple conventions are under control
  • Begins to demonstrate control over more complex conventions
Top of Page
Listening & Speaking Scale
RESPONSIVENESS PARTICIPATION CLARITY ORGANIZATION
Emerging
  • Unable to respond to questions posed by others
  • Awareness of other perspectives is not apparent
  • Responses are generally unrelated to the situation
  • May not participate in discussions or may respond to discussions with random information that is unrelated to the topic or situation
  • Difficult to follow or understand
  • Communicates in a fragmentary or random manner
Beginning
  • Responds to some questions posed by others
  • Awareness of perspectives is evident but limited
  • Responses make connections to the situation at times
  • Participates a little in discussions
  • May have difficulty sharing the conversation with others
  • Presents ideas with a few supporting details
  • May wander occassionally from the topic
  • Communicates in a way that is decipherable but overall coherence is tentative
Independent
  • Responds to most questions with relevant answers
  • Demonstrates an awareness of other perspectives
  • Participates in discussion, allowing for the contributions of others
  • Asks appropriate questions
  • Listens attentively and holds the attention of others when speaking
  • Presents ideas clearly with some supporting details or examples
  • Main points are connected
  • Communicates major ideas effectively by presenting them in an organized manner
Experienced
  • Elicits and responds effectively to questions, demonstrating an ability to understand other perspectives or points of view
  • Provides relevant answers to questions
  • Contributes actively to discussion, encouraging the contributions of others
  • Asks thought-provoking and appropriate questions
  • Develops and elaborates ideas supportive and relevant details
  • Uses lively and descriptive language
  • Draws meaningful connections between ideas
  • Communicates ideas effectively by presenting ideas in a cohesive and organized manner
Top of Page
saeb
Last modified: Thu Mar 4 15:34:57 EST 1999