SPECIFICATION  

Form  

for (< init >;  < test >;  < incr >)   {       < statement-sequence >   }

 

init -- initialization  

incr -- incrementation  

Meaning  

< init >;   while (< test >)   {       < statement-sequence >       < incr >;

 

Example  

/ /Code to sum the integers from 1 to 5..       int sum = 0;       for (int c = 1;  c < = 5;  c = c + 1)       {         sum = sum + c;       }

 

The equivalent ``while'' statement...

int sum = 0;     int c = 1;     while (c < = 5)     {         sum = sum + c;         c = c + 1;     }

 

Example  

What does this do?  

int i = 25;  i > 0;  i = i - 1)   {       for (int x = 1;  x < = i;  x = x + 1)       {         IO.print (``*'');       }         IO.println ();   }

 

This forms a triangle out of *.  

Translation to the ``while'' equivalent.  

/ /Taking away the ``outer'' for.   int i = 25;   while (i > 0)   {       for (int x = 1;  x < = i;  x = x + 1)       {         IO.print (``*'');       }         IO.println ();         i = i + 1;   }     / /Take away the ``inner'' for.   int i = 25;   while (i > 0)   {       int x = 1;       while (x < = i)       {         IO.print (``*'');         x = x + 1;       }         IO.println ();         i = i - 1;   }   Definition   An ARRAY is an object which contains some number of objects of the ``same'' type,  each of which may be referenced. Array declaration and instantiation for an array of int values of length 4..     int a [];   a = new int [4];   a [0] = 2;   a [1] = 3;   a [2] = 5;   a [3] = 7;   Establish and instantiate an array of String values of length 3..     String primary [] = new String [3];   primary [0] =  ``red'';   primary [1] =  ``blue'';   primary [2] =  ``yellow'';   Establish and instantiate an array of Circle values of length 5..     Circle c [] = new Circle [5];   c [0] = new Circle (2.0);   c [1] = new Circle (1.0);   TASK   Suppose a is an integer array,  b is a String array.   Moreover,  both have been completely instantiated.   (1) Read a new value into the first element of array a.     a [0] = IO.read_int ();   (2) Add 10 to the first element of array a.     a [0] = a [0] + 10;   (3) Display the values of array a one per line using only one IO statement.   DO NOT DO THIS!!!!!     IO.println (a [0]);   IO.println (a [1]);   IO.println (a [2]);   IO.println (a [3]);   IO.println (a [4]);   THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT TO DO....     for (int x = 0;  x < = 4;  x = x + 1)   {       IO.println (a [x]);   }